Fluid imbalance

Fluid imbalance

A fluid imbalance refers to an abnormal level of fluids in the body. Elderly peoples are at the highest risk for life threatening complications that can result from fluid deficient, it is commonly called dehydration .

Fluid volume deficit

Hypovolemia

A condition when fluid loss exceeds intake of fluid volume deficit exist. A fluid volume deficit is a physiological situation in which fluid are lost in the isotonic fashion, both Fluids and electrolytes are lost together.

Hypervolemia 

is the medical condition where there is too much fluid in the body that is called over dehydration.

• The main cause of this is excessive intake of fluids, renal failure, excessive salt intake, cirrhosis of liver.

Electrolyte balance

Electrolytes are salts that conduct electricity and are found in the body fluids, tissue and blood. In addition to water, body Fluids also contains solid substances that dissolve, cOD salutes electrolytes are chemicals that can conduct electricity when dissolved in water. The substances are found in ecf and ICF that this dissociate into electric electrically charged particles known as iron. Like sodium is concentrated in extracellular fluid and potassium is concentrated in intracellular fluid.

 Electrolytes distribution in the blood

 Electrolyte               ECF(meq)       ICF
•Magnesium (mg)     1.5                 2.5

•Phosphate (p)           1.7                 4.6
•Potassium (k )          3.5                 5
•Calcium (cA)             4.5                5.5
•Chlorine (cL)              98                106
•Sodium (na)             135                145

Sodium imbalance

Sodium imbalance occur when there is either decrease or increase in the sodium concentration in the plasma. The normal level of the same sodium is about 135 - 145  meq per litre.

Hyponatremia

 is a metabolic condition in which there is not enough sodium in the blood.

Hyponatremia

 is a metabolic condition in which there is too much sodium in the blood.

Potassium imbalance

Hypokalemia 

is a metabolic disorder in which potassium level is low in the blood.

Hypokalemia

 metabolic disorder in which potassium level is high in the blood.

Calcium imbalance

hypocalcemia 

indicated to low level of calcium in the blood.

Hypercalcemia

indicated to high level of calcium in the blood.

Magnesium imbalance

Hypomagnesemia

 indicate low level of magnesium in the blood.

Hypermagnesemia  

indicate high level of magnesium in the blood.

Phosphorus imbalance

Hypophosphatemia 

indicates low level of phosphorus in the blood.

Hyperphosphatemia

 indicates high level of phosphorus in the blood.

Chloride Imbalance

Hypochloremia

 indicates low level of chlorine in the blood.

Hyperchloremia 

indicates high level of chlorine in the blood.